Nimba

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Dermatological disorders: Neem is useful in treating psoriasis, herpes, eczema, pruritis, and acne vulgaris. Administering 1g of powdered Neem leaves with water 3 times a day helps to treat herpes faster. For treating eczema of the face and scalp, Neem leaves are useful. In addition, Neem oil (5-10 drops) is taken orally with 3g of powdered Neem leaves. Acne vulgaris is an inflammatory disease of skin commonly seen at puberty. Neem leaves are very much useful in treating acne. Neem is said to treat skin diseases because of its depurative, stomachic, antiperiodic, antiseptic, and anti-pruritic properties. Both external applications and internal use of Neem is doubly effective against most skin disorders.

Inflammatory conditions: Neem leaves help in subsiding inflammation and oedema of affected body parts.

Infected wounds and glands: Infected would are washed with an infusion of Neem leaves, followed by application of Neem leaf paste on the wound. Bleeding stops due to astringent action of Neem. To heal infected or enlarged gland, Neem leaf paste is applied twice a day for one month.

Snake bite and scorpion sting: Application of paste of Neem bark, leaves or seed on affected part brings relief to burning sensation due to Neem�s chelating, anti-poisonous, and depuritive properties.

Gout: External application of Neem leaf paste is effective in relieving gout pain.

Malaria and filaria: Powdered Neem leaves (1-3g) given thrice daily with warm water is effective in treating malaria. Daily intake of 1 teaspoonful of powdered Neem leaves along with twice daily intake of 2 spoonful of decoction of Neem leaves, root, and bark is recommended for treatment of filariasis.

Infestinal worms: Appetiser, stomachic, antihelminthic, depurative, and antipuritic properties of Neem help in getting rid of intestinal worms, such as hookworms, roundworms, tapeworms, etc. Intake of powdered Neem leaves (1g) with jaggery helps in deworming.

Piles and fistula: Application of ointment made from Neem fruit is good for treatment of piles, while a wick soaked in Neem oil is inserted in the tract to heal fistula.

Digestive disorders: The acrid, astringent, stomachic action of Neem helps in the cure of digestive disorders. Administration of Neem capsules helps cure diarrhoea and dysentery and also regulates bowel movement. Ingestion of Neem capsules with vegetable preparations for a few days relieves hyperacidity, giddiness, nausea, heartburn, mouth sores, etc. Also, intake of decoction of powdered Neem bark cures hyperacidity and nausea. Neem leaf powder (2-3g), mixed with 2 to 4 ground black pepper, taken in thrice daily acts as a laxative and demulcent.

Burning sensation: Intake of 1 teaspoonful of Neem leaf juice or Powdered Neem leaves with sugar twice a day reduces the burning sensation of the body.

Hepatitis: Intake of Neem capsules accelerates the process of cure.
 
Spleenomegaly: Intake of Neem capsules with honey cures the enlargement of spleen.

Diabetes: One tablespoonful of Neem leaf juice taken daily early morning for 3 months in helpful in diabetes. Alternatively, ingest leaf powder. During treatment, diet control is also advised for quick results.

Urinary disorders: Neem is effective in treating albuminaria, phosphaturia, and burning micturition. Intake of Neem leaf decoction (3g leaves boiled in 4 cups of water until reduced to 2 cups) twice a day helps. In case of burning micturition, intake of 1 teaspoonful of Neem leaf juice thrice a day is highly recommended.

Vaginal disorders: Neem having urinary astringent and antipruetic properties gives immediate relief in most common vaginal disorders. A pessary made from Neem fruits macerated with Neem leaf juice is kept in the vagina to relieve the burning sensation and heal cervical and vaginal inflammation. In cases of uteral prolapse, the use of Neem decoction is recommended.

For easy delivery: During labour, it is recommended to apply a paste of Neem roots on lower abdomen. Intake of 1g of powdered Neem with honey butter relieves tiredness during labour.

Respiratory disorders: Neem bark decoction is used as an antitussive in dry cough. Intake of powdered Neem leaves (1g) with honey twice a day helps in suppressing cough. Neem oil (5-10drops) given with 2 tablespoonful of sugar daily for 15 d helps in treatment of tropical eosinophilia.

Gynaecological disorders: Daily intake of Neem capsules early in the morning helps cure leucorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea, and related disorders.

Hypertension: Neem capsules taken twice daily is useful in treating hypertension

Cancer: Chewing 10-12 Neem leaflets daily early and ingesting with warm water is recommended as a supportive treatment to cancer patients.

Allergies: Neem is useful in all kinds of allergies, whether drug allergy or allergy due to smell, smoke, dust, eatables, etc. Neem capsules taken early morning, which helps in purifying blood and controlling allergic reactions.

HIV/AIDS: Certain polysaccharides isolated from the inner bark of Neem trunk have been found to enhance human immunity against HIV, which causes AIDS. Although clinical trials are not conducted, oral administration of powdered inner Neem bark and turmeric, curcuma longa , powder (10:1 proportion) to patients in 150mg doses thrice a day for one month suppressed AIDS-related symptoms, such as skin rash, diarrhoea, pneumonia, weight loss, etc. among communities living around the shores of Lake Victoria in Western Kenya, where the AIDS incidence was very high.

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Various parts of the neem tree have been used as traditional Ayurvedic medicine in India. Neem oil and the bark and leaf extracts have been therapeutically used as folk medicine to control leprosy, intestinal helminthiasis, respiratory disorders, constipation and also as a general health promoter. Its use for the treatment of rheumatism, chronic syphilitic sores and indolent ulcer has also been evident. Neem oil finds use to control various skin infections. Bark, leaf, root, flower and fruit together cure blood morbidity, biliary afflictions, itching, skin ulcers, burning sensations and pthysis

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The aqueous extract of neem bark and leaf also possesses anticomplement and immunostimulant activity. Neem oil has been shown to possess activity by selectively activating the cell-mediated immune mechanisms to elicit an enhanced response to subsequent mitogenic or antigenic challenge.

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Aqueous extract of neem leaves significantly decreases blood sugar level and prevents adrenaline as well as glucose-induced hyperglycaemia. Recently, hypoglycaemic effect was observed with leaf extract and seed oil, in normal as well as alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits.

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Neem leaf and bark aqueous extracts produce highly potent antiacid secretory and antiulcer activity.

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Intra-vaginal application of neem oil, prior to coitus, can prevent pregnancy. It could be a novel method of contraception.

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Neem seed and leaf extracts are effective against both choroquin-resistant and sensitive strain malarial parasites.

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Extracts of neem leaf, neem oil seed kernels are effective against certain fungi including Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, Microspor Trichosporon, Geotricum and Candida.

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Oil from the leaves, seed and bark possesses a wide spectrum of antibacterial action against Gram-negative and Gram-positive microorganisms, including M. tuberculosis and streptomycin resistant strains. In vitro, it inhibits Vibrio cholerae Klebsiella pneumoniae, M. tuberculosis and M. pyogenes. Antimicrobial effects of neem extract have been demonstrated against Streptococcus mutans and S. faecalis.

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Aqueous leaf extract offers antiviral activity against Vaccinia virus, Chikungunya and measles virus.

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Neem leaf aqueous extract effectively suppresses oral squamous cell carcinoma induced by 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene (DMBA), as revealed by reduced incidence of neoplasm. Neem may exert its chemopreventive effect in the oral mucosa by modulation of glutathione and its metabolizing enzymes.

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The antioxidant activity of neem seed extract has been demonstrated in vivo during horse- grain germination.

Varying degrees of central nervous system (CNS) depressant activity in mice was observed with the leaf extract. Fractions of acetone extract of leaf showed significant CNS depressant activity.

Biswas, Kausik, Ishita Chattopadhyay, Ranajit K.Banerjee and Uday Bandyopadhyay. 2002. Biological activities and medicinal properties of Neem (Azadirachta indica). Current Science 82(11): 1336-1345.

• Chopra, R. N., Nayer, S. L. and Chopra, I. C., Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants, CSIR, New Delhi, 1956.
• Chopra, R. N., Chopra, I. C, Handa, K. L. and Kapur, L. D. (eds), Indigenous Drugs of India, U.N. Dhur and Sons, Kolkata, 1958, pp.51-595.
• Kirtikar, K. R. and Basu, B. D., in Medicinal Plants (eds Blatter, E., Cains, J. F., Mhaskar, K. S.), Vivek Vihar, New Delhi, 1975, p.536.
• Chatterjee, A. and Pakrashi, S. (eds), The Treatise on Indian Medicinal Plants, 1994, vol. 3, p. 76.
• Schmutterer, H. (ed.), The Neem Tree: Source of Unique Natural Products for Integrated Pest Management, Medicine, Industry and Other Purposes, VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 1995, pp. 1-696.
• Singh, R. P., Chari, M. S., Raheja, A. K. and Kraus, W., Neem and Environment, Oxford & IBH Publishing, New Delhi, 1996, Vols. I and II, pp. 1-1198.
• Kraus, W., in The Neem Tree: Source of Unique Natural Products for Integrated Pest Management, Medicine, Industry and Purposes (ed. Schmutterer, H.), 1995, pp 35-88.
• Vanna, G. S., Miracles of Neem Tree, Rasayan Pharmacy, New Delhi, 1976.
• Ketkar, A. Y. and Ketkar, C. M., in The Neem Tree: Source of Unique Natural Products for Integrated Pest Management, Medicine, Industry and Other Purposes (ed. Schmutterer, H.), 1995, pp.518-525.
• Khan, M. and Wassilew, S. W., in Natural Pesticides from the Neem Tree and Other Tropical Plants (eds Schmutterer, H. and Asher, K. R. S.), GTZ, Eschborn, Germany, 1987, pp. 645-650.
• Jacobson, M., in The Neem Tree: Source of Unique Natural Products for Integrated Pest Management, Medicine, Industry and other Purposes (ed. Schmutterer, H.), 1995, pp. 484-495.

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